All components are connected in one big loop. Current has only one path to follow.
Components are in separate branches. Current has multiple paths to choose from.
| Feature | Series Circuit | Parallel Circuit |
|---|---|---|
| Path for current | One single loop | Multiple branches |
| Current (amps) | Same everywhere | Splits at each junction |
| If one bulb breaks | All go out | Others stay on |
| Switch effect | Controls whole circuit | Can control individual branches |
| Used in homes? | Rarely | Yes — all home wiring |
| Brightness with more bulbs | Dimmer (resistance increases) | Same (each branch independent) |
In a parallel circuit, current splits when it reaches a junction where the wire divides into branches.
When branches rejoin, the currents add back together.
Current flows through every component in one loop.
In series: current is the same at every point.
Bulbs: 2 — circuit has 2 bulbs in series.
1. Open the switch — what happens to ALL bulbs?
2. Add a 3rd bulb — do they get brighter or dimmer?
3. Close the switch again and observe.
Current splits at junctions. Main = branch totals.
1. Turn off Switch A — does bulb B stay on?
2. Turn off both switches — what happens?
3. Turn Switch A back on only — observe current splitting.
Battery → 3 parallel branches (A, B, C), each with its own switch
To light only one bulb, close only that bulb's branch switch.
Test what you've learned about series and parallel circuits. 8 questions total.